Nguyen Tan Hung - Short Story - Truyn Ngn: Ma Xun Ny Ta Nn Lm p
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Ma Xun Ny Ta Nn Lm p

Nguyn Tn Hng
     Ti sao nt ch trong nhng trang ny c phn khc bit so vi nhng trang khc ca cun bo? L do rt l n gin: "Ti v nhng trang ny khng do nh in ca bo Vn Hc xp ch." M do chnh ti t xp ch ly! C ging khng? Cng nhn l ging ging thi, ch lm sao ging y chang nguyn con cho ܮc. Hai git nܧc! Nh hai git nܧc th ng ri, v ai m khng bit hai git nܧc ch ging nhau b ngoi, ch cn phm cht trong rut th khc nhau xa... a, ri cc bn s thy ci ti ni khc nhau xa l th no.

     Rt tic ti phi ljn vi Ƕc gi Vn Hc bi mt bi vit lng t nh vy. Khng l mt sng tc vn ngh vn gng g ht. Khng l mt truyn ngn, cng khng l mt bi th. Ti v vn th ca ti c l b ng iu hnh chung Nguyn Mng Gic vt v st rc ht ri. Ti nng mong manh ca mnh ch c chng th cng nh chu th Nhng, dang du vi Vn Hc , th cng nn nm nu vi Vn Hc . Nh nm nu vi mt ngܩi tnh. B ngܩi tnh ln xung nh vy, au nh b b nh vy, l ra ti cng nn rt lui c trt t cho ri, ai m chܩng ci mt au thng ra chi na. Rt lui th my ln rt lui. Nhng, ln ny rt lui khng phi l Nj chun m m l Nj ly trn, Nj lm mt mn khc cho cuc tnh si. C phn cp lc hn. Th y l: "Ma Xun Ny Ta Nn Lm p."

     Lm p? Cho ai? Ai ngܩi ta cng p c ri, u cn mnh phi lm p! u ܮc, ni nh vy bao nhiu thm m vin trn th gii ny dp tim ht sao. Nhiu ngܩi p ri m ngܩi ta cn phi lm p thm na c. Ring ti, nu ai p ri th xin min. Ti ch mun lm p cho nhng ngܩi dm t xng "em l gi tri bt xu" m thi. Nhng lm p v ci g ch? Mi, mt, ngc, mng, eo co...? ng di dt m ni "tai, mi, hng," nghe n gm qu! Thi, ti xin tha: "Ngh lm p ca ti l ngh xp ch ." Ny gi ti ni chuyn ton l ch ngha, vn ngh, vn gng khng m!

     Phi, thi i information age ny, vi personal computer v laser printer m rt tic c nhiu cun sch ch Vit, b du ch Vit bng tay vn cn xut bn, pht hnh. S ng tic ny khng ring g cho mt ai m l chung cho c mt th h ch ngha lu vong ca chng ta. Chnh ti, ti cng t bo: "Rt tic phi Ǯi ljn ma xun nm ny, ma xun nm 88, ti mi khm ph ra v NJ cp ljn vn NJ electronic typesetting ch Vit." Electronic typesetting ch Vit? Xa qu, ngܩi ta bit t lu ri: "R, ch ngi y ging." B khng thy my trm t nht b tun b nguyt san, giai phm hi ngoi hay sao? D thy. Nhng, l nhng "ngܩi p ri," ti u dm s ljn. Ti ch k tai ni nh vi nhng ngܩi cm bt, nhng nh vn, nhng nh th, nhng bn vn, nhng bn th, v.v. rng: "Mnh c th vit sch ch Vit, lm sch ch Vit bng personal computer v laser printer." Mun bit thm chi tit th cc bn c phi rn m džc tip.

     Phng php ti lm typesetting ch Vit cho bi ny, thit tnh m ni, n cng c l s lm: "Troff." By gi ngܩi ta phi ni page make-up system, WYSIWYG (What you see is what you get) system... vv. Nhng, troff v t n phi sinh tn, phi chng li bnh dit chng, m n cng phi pht trin khng ngng Nj c ci kt qu ngy hm nay. Ngܩi Nhi ca Hi Qun Vit Nam c khu hiu: "Nhng g ngܩi ta lm khng ܮc, Ngܩi Nhi lm ܮc," th troff cng dm ni tng t nh vy: "Ci g m nhng system kia lm ܮc th troff cng c th lm ܮc." ng hay sai l Nj lch s phn xt theo quan nim ca Ngܩi Nhi, ng hay sai l Nj programmer phn xt theo quan nim ca troff. Ring ti, v khng l mt programmer chnh hiu nn ti kt lun: "Khng hon ton ng cho lm, troff cng lm ܮc nhng tr ngi l speed, memory space allocation... vv." Nhng ti bit chc mt iu: "Khng c mt system no c th lm th nh troff lm c."

     M cc bn u cn bit nhng chi tic technical lm g cho mt! Cc bn ch mun bit troff l ci g? X dng th no? Kt qu ra sao? Ni vng vo tam quc hoi nghe nhc u qu phi khng? Ok, ok. Th troff ra ǩi lu ri. Trܧc khi mnh qua M c, 72-73 th phi. Troff l mt function ca UNIX* operating system. M UNIX operating system l con ca C language, mt th computer language ܮc thit lp v h thng ha nhng phng lab ca Bell Laboratories. V Bell Laboratories l ca AT&T, l hng ti ang lm.

     Thi m, qung co hoi! a, th ni chuyn phi c u c ui ch. Ni ljn troff, ni ljn mt phng php typesetting, th phi ni s s v font, v point size, v format, v memorandum macro m ngܩi ta hay gi tt l mm macro.

     Font th d ri, xem nhng th d dܧi y:

     A, B, C..., a, b, c..., 1, 2, 3..., Helvetica
     A, B, C..., a, b, c..., 1, 2, 3..., Helvetica-Outline
     A, B, C..., a, b, c..., 1, 2, 3..., Hershey-Gothic
     A, B, C..., a, b, c..., 1, 2, 3..., Hershey-Script
     A, B, C..., a, b, c..., 1, 2, 3..., ZapfChancery

     Vy th font l kiu ch! V trn th gii ny c bao nhiu kiu ch? Ti thiu cng hai chc hn, tuy nhin, c font hay khng th cn ty thuc vo tng loi printer. Thm mt im cn ni l mi kiu ch NJu c bn cch in chnh cho c vit thܩng v vit hoa: ch thܩng (roman), ch nghing (italic), ch m (bold), v ch nghing m (bold-italic).

     Point size th cng d thi. C theo thng l "mt bc tranh ni ln trm ngn ting ni," th cng nn xem nhng bc tranh dܧi y:

     Bc tranh 1, 6 points
     Bc tranh 2, 12 points
     Bc tranh 3, 18 points
     Bc tranh 4, 24 points

     Vy th point size l c ch. V point size phi c mt gii hn nh th no? Cng l vn NJ cn ty thuc vo tng loi printer, thng thܩng t 1 cho ljn 60. 1 point l 112 ca pica. M 1 pica th bng 16 ca 1 inch, nh vy 1 point l 172 ca 1 inch.

     Format th sao? Format tc l lay-out ca trang giy. Chiu ngang, chiu rng ca trang giy: kh 8 1/2x11 l kh nguyn trang giy hc tr, nh bo Lng Vn ..., kh 5 1/2x8 1/2 l kh na trang, nh bo Vn Hc, Vn chng hn... Ri ljn chiu ngang, chiu rng ca ch in ch (text). Ri ljn phn u trang (page header), phn cui trang (page footer). Phn u trang thng thܩng l ta ca mt chng, ta ca mt truyn ngn. Phn cui trang thng thܩng l s trang (page number). Ch c Vn Hc l lm chuyn qui n: in phn u trang v cui trang dnh lo trn

     M th hi ai cho mnh ci quyn php total control ch? Xin tha: "Th troff ch ai v y." Troff nh mt ng boss d tnh, dm tng cho m nhn vin ca mnh ci flexibility. Nh vy m troff mi c c hi sng. Ci flexibility l mm macr ci tit mc sau cng m ti mun bn vi cc bn v troff.

     Mm macro l k hiu ca nhng typesetting function, gm mt hoc hai ch (mu t) dn u bng mt du chm (dot). V ng ring mt mnh, mt hng. Th d nh.H,.P,.ti,.in,,.DS,.DE, v.v. M mm macro x dng nh th no? y. Ny gi ti xi ri m cc bn u c hay. Macro.H l dng cho heading, ta truyn, ta chng. My ch ln "Ma Xun Ny Ta Nn Lm p," ta ca bi ny l lm bi.H 1 . Ti sao phi.H 1? Ti v, ta th c ta ln ta nh, v y l ta ln nht th cho n mang s 1 l hp l ri. Troff c th handle ljn 7 hng ta, 7 levels. chi vy cc bn c bit? lm ci "Mc Lc" cui sch, Nj cc bn khi phi lo ta truyn no nm trang no. Giao khon phn cho troff. Macro.P l u paragraph. C mi khi gp.P th troff t Ƕng bit rng mnh phi lm mt ci "chm xung hng." M "chm xung hng" th phi tht v. Bi vy phi xi macro.ti, temporarily indent. Cn macro.in, indent, th hng no cng tht v. Ci ny Nj in th ng ngn, tht ngn th khi phi ch:

     Bܧc ti o Ngang bng x t
     C cy chen l chen hoa
     Lom khom dܧi ni tiu vi ch
     Lc c bn sng r my nh

     Macro, center, th xi cho th lc bt, song tht lc bt:

     u lng hai t nga
     Thy Kiu l ch em l Thy Vn
     Mai ct cch tuyt tinh thn
     Mi ngܩi mi v mܩi phn vn mܩi

     Cn macro.DS, display start, v macro.DE, display end, th phi xi chung nh mt cp. Mc ch Nj cha khong trng Nj v tranh "minh ha," tranh "h ha," Nj "ct dn" hnh ca mt giai nhn chng hn..., hoc Nj lm th d nh dܧi y:

     .DS



     Cha trn, dܧi 1 inch.



     .DE

     y ch l nhng mm macro ܮc vit sn m troff cng hin cho mmh. Nm by chc loi mm macr ty theo ch m xi. Nu mnh ch mm macr mun re-design n th cng chng ai cm. Ngon lnh hn, vit lun a-new-set-of-macro cho mnh xi ring th cng chng ai phin. Ch cn ng gi tn trng tn vi mm macr cho khi b bomb l xong. Troff cho mnh ci flexibility ca ci flexibility. Tm li, mt cun sch t trang u ljn trang cui, t ta sch, li gii thiu (xem nh l preface), cho ljn mc lc (table of contents), glossary, index, appendix..., troff chy mt mch v spit-out cho mnh ti laser printer trong tt tt. Ch kh cho mt ngܩi m thi: "input operator." Input operator phi bit ch no m insert ci mm macro cn thit Nj troff lm nhng iu m mnh mun. Input operator nu bit ܮc vi (visual editor) th cn ǫ, ch cn xi edlin, ed th kh s s bit ljn dܩng no.

     Tt c nhng g ti ni trn y tht s ǧi vi ti khng c mt ga tr no ht. Hoc c mt gi tr va phi no thi, nu ti chu ngi cp xng sng m b du ch Vit bng tay. Vy th ni ra lm g? y, t t . C la mi c khi m. S d ti ni khng c gi tr g ht l cng c ci l ca ti y ch! Khng c gi tr g ht ti v nhng th ny ch xi cho M m thi. Tin li cho M m thi.

     Nhng n rt c gi tr nu mnh lm ܮc cho ting Vit, electronic typesetting cho ting Vit. Vy th phi chu kh m džc tip nhng lun iu m m ny, sometime technically kh hiu ny. M tht s khng c g kh hiu u. My ng programmer ch Vit, my ng "guru" nh mnh, hiu ti ni ci g ro tri ch. i guc trong bng ca ti na l Ǣng khc.

     Typesetting ch Vit th cng u c g kh. Ch vit ca mnh cng c mu t abc m. Kh th phi ni l ch T ch Nht, nhng th ch c vc ging ca bi trc, cnh tre. Vy m ngܩi ta cn lm electronic typesetting ܮc na kia, th vic ca mnh phi gi l d thi. c abc ri th ch cn lm nm ci du: sc, huyn, nng, hi, ng. L xong! L xong? Cha xong v cn nhng ch , , ch , ch , ch , , ch th phi lm sao? h, vy th phi chu kh design mt ch ring bit cho mi ch ny. Thnh ra nm d by ch mi, v chi l mܩi hai ch phi lm m thi. D qu! Bt tay vo vic! Lm! Xong! n lc in ra mi thy l džc khng ܮc. Ly th d du sc thi. Du sc nm trn ch , ch phi mt v tr khc vi du sc nm trn ch a. Hoc phi cao hn, hoc phi qua bn phi mt cht. Cng rc ri ch?

     Rt cuc ri, ti design khng phi 12 ch m l 134 ch, cho tt c nhng ch c du trong ting Vit ca mnh. Su mi by ch thܩng v su mi by ch hoa. Nh ci flexibility ca macro design, m ti c th lm 134 ch c du Vit theo kiu dܧi y:

     a a
    
    
     e e
    
     i i
     o o
    
    
     u u
    
     y y
    

     A  A 
      
        
     E  E 
      
     I I
     O O
    
    
     U U
        
     Y  Y 
    

     ct bn tri, cch thc input nhng ch c du cho thy c phn di dng v kh džc. Tuy nhin cng c cch gii quyt. Di dng th tht ra khng di dng u v terminal no cng c nhng system hoc user pf keys. C program 8 ci keys ny thnh 8 du cn thit. Du th nht v cho ch (du ). Du th nh ^ cho ch (du ) v ch (du ). Du th ba, cho ch v ch ( du ). Cn nm du cn li l ' (sc), ` (huyn),. (nng),? (hi), v ~ (ng). Nh vy khi input nhng du ny, input operator cng ch cn g mt stroke m thi. Cn kh džc th chu.

     ct bn phi, output ca nhng ch c du ny cng phi tri qua vi "giai on khn trng" mi c ܮc ci nhn d coi nh vy. Trܧc ht phi convert nhng input ca nhng ch c du ct bn tri thnh nhng troff string Nj troff bit lc no th process ch n du no. K , troff chnh n cng phi b modified thnh ditroff, device independent troff. Sau cng, output ca device independent troff li ܮc mt ln na convert thnh PostScript output cho thch hp vi laser printer m mnh mun xi: Apple LaserWriter, QMS..., chng hn. PostScript language? Li phi hc thm, ni thm mt th computer language na? Di dng, li thi qu ri. Thi, cho ti xin ngng li ni y.

     Qua phn trn, cc bn hiu th no l phng php "lm p" ca ti. Ti rt mong mi ܮc tip nhn nhng kin xy dng ca tt c cc bn. V ti cng rt mong mi ܮc tm hiu thm nhng phng php "lm p" ca cc bn trong ngh. Lm p cho ch Vit, theo ti vn l nhim v chung ca tt c mi ngܩi dn Vit. Bit u c mt ngy no chng ta s tm ܮc mt phng php m sau ny c th gi l mt standard, mt "ma xun" cho electronic typesetting ch Vit vƜ
Bi Trܧc Trang Chnh Bi K Tip